RESUMO
Objective: To determine the effect of sodium phenytoin on the apical ectodermal ridges [AER] of chick wing buds by using the software program Image-J
Study Design: An experimental study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Regional Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan [CPSP], Islamabad, from January 2014 to January 2015
Methodology: Sixty fertilised chicken eggs of 'Egyptian fayoumi' breed were selected and separated into experimental [B] and control [A] groups, each having 30 eggs. A single dose of 3.5 mg sodium phenytoin was injected into each egg of the experimental group. The controls were injected with the same volume of normal saline. Developing embryos were extracted 96 hours [day 4] after incubation and histological sections were cut at 5 micro m thickness. These sections were stained with Feulgen Nuclear and Light Green. The area of apical ectodermal ridges of chick wing buds was calculated by employing Image-J and subjected to statistical analysis
Results: The difference between the mean values of the area of apical ectodermal ridges of experimental and control groups, as calculated by Image-J, was found to be statistically insignificant
Conclusion: Change in the area of the apical ectodermal ridges in experimental chicks, following phenytoin exposure, was insignificant as proven on the basis of quantification by Image-J
RESUMO
Study Design: Laboratory based case-control study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Department of Anatomy located at the Regional Center of College of Physicians and Surgeons Islamabad Pakistan, from Jan 2014 to Jan 2015
Material and Methods: Sixty fertilized chicken eggs of 'Egyptian fayoumi' breed were selected and divided into two subgroups, experimental and control, each having 30 eggs. A single dose of 3.5 mg sodium phenytoin was injected in each egg of the experimental subgroup while controls were administered same volume of normal saline. The embryos were extracted 96 hours [day 4] after incubation. Histological sections were cut at 5 micro m thickness and stained with Feulgen Nuclear and Light Green to measure the maximum thickness of the apical ectodermal ridges. The number of cells and mitoses in each ridges were also counted. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis
Results: There was no significant difference between experimental and control subgroups regarding the maximum thickness and number of cells in the apical ectodermal ridge but there was a statistically significant reduction in the number of mitoses in the experimental ridges
Conclusion: The study shows that sodium phenytoin exerts an inhibitory effect on the apical ectodermal ridges of developing limbs evident by the decreased number of mitoses in the AER of wing buds of experimental chick embryos making it a potential target site for limb teratogenicity associated with its maternal intake during pregnancy